{"notes_id":"eng_tyndale","book":"lam","verses":{"1":{"2":"The <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">lovers</span> were the fertility deities, Baal and Asherah, who were worshiped by most people in Judah. Her <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">friends</span> were her military allies, notably Egypt, who was no match for Babylon (<span data-ref=\"jer,37,5,37,11\">Jer 37:5-11</span>).","3":"The woman of <span data-ref=\"lam,1,1\">1:1</span> is the nation of <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Judah</span>. • <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">led away into captivity:</span> This happened four times: 605 <span class=\"fbn-era\">BC</span> (<span data-ref=\"dan,1,3,1,4\">Dan 1:3-4</span>); 597 <span class=\"fbn-era\">BC</span> (<span data-ref=\"2ki,24,12,24,16\">2 Kgs 24:12-16</span>;  <span data-ref=\"jer,52,28\">Jer 52:28</span>; <span data-ref=\"ezk,1,2,1,3\">Ezek 1:2-3</span>); 586 <span class=\"fbn-era\">BC</span> (<span data-ref=\"2ki,25,5,25,7\">2 Kgs 25:5-7</span>, <span data-ref=\"2ki,25,18,25,21\">18-21</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,39,5,39,10\">Jer 39:5-10</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,52,29\">52:29</span>); and 581 <span class=\"fbn-era\">BC</span> (<span data-ref=\"jer,52,30\">Jer 52:30</span>).","4":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Jerusalem</span> (Hebrew <em>Zion</em>): In the Psalms and in the prophetic books, Zion represents the city of Jerusalem. In Lamentations, Zion is a poetic name for the city, even in ruins. <span data-ref=\"heb,12,22,12,24\">Hebrews 12:22-24</span> speaks of the heavenly Zion (see also <span data-ref=\"rev,14,1,14,5\">Rev 14:1-5</span>). • The annual <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">festivals</span> in Jerusalem were the Passover, Unleavened Bread, First Harvest, Harvest (Pentecost), Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and Shelters (Tabernacles). • The main duties of the <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">priests</span> were carried out in the Temple and its surrounding area. Since the Temple was in ruins, they had no jobs and hence no future.","5":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">for her many sins:</span> Judah’s sins before the Babylonian invasion are outlined in <span data-ref=\"2ki,21,1,21,9\">2 Kgs 21:1-9</span>, <span data-ref=\"2ki,21,16\">16</span>; <span data-ref=\"2ki,24,3,24,4\">24:3-4</span> (cp. <span data-ref=\"2ch,33,1,33,10\">2 Chr 33:1-10</span>, <span data-ref=\"2ch,33,22,33,23\">22-23</span> and <span data-ref=\"2ch,36,11,36,16\">2 Chr 36:11-16</span>). Similarly, a list of Israel’s sins before Assyria destroyed it is found in <span data-ref=\"2ki,17,14,17,23\">2 Kgs 17:14-23</span>.","7":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">laughed as she fell:</span> See also <span data-ref=\"jer,24,9\">Jer 24:9</span>; <span data-ref=\"ezk,22,5\">Ezek 22:5</span>; <span data-ref=\"ezk,36,4\">36:4</span>.","10":"For historical accounts of these events, see <span data-ref=\"2ki,25,8,25,17\">2 Kgs 25:8-17</span>; <span data-ref=\"2ch,36,13,36,21\">2 Chr 36:13-21</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,52,4,52,30\">Jer 52:4-30</span>.","13":"The destruction of Jerusalem at the hands of the Babylonians was like <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">fire from heaven</span>.","14":"For their <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">sins</span>, the people of Judah were tied to one another with <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">ropes</span> and taken as captives into exile.","15":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">his beloved city:</span> God had given special care to Jerusalem, like a father protecting his daughter. But her sins had been persistent, and her punishment was horrible. • <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">like grapes . . . trampled in a winepress:</span> This common procedure for extracting juice from grapes is used vividly in <span data-ref=\"isa,63,3\">Isa 63:3</span> to show the horrors of punishment. In <span data-ref=\"rev,14,18,14,20\">Rev 14:18-20</span>; <span data-ref=\"rev,19,15\">19:15</span>, the image graphically represents universal judgment.","19":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">I begged my allies:</span> Egypt had a great deal of interest in Judah because Judah controlled the only good route to the north. However, Egypt turned her back on Judah when Babylon attacked Jerusalem (<span data-ref=\"jer,37,5,37,11\">Jer 37:5-11</span>). • When there was little rain in the fall and spring in Palestine, a summer without rain could destroy crops and cause a food shortage. The food supply also ran out under the prolonged siege of a city (Jan 588–July 586 <span class=\"fbn-era\">BC</span>), and many people <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">starved to death</span> (<span data-ref=\"2ki,25,2,25,3\">2 Kgs 25:2-3</span>; cp. <span data-ref=\"jer,37,21\">Jer 37:21</span>).","20":"The leaders and people of Judah had <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">rebelled</span> (<span data-ref=\"jer,2,17\">Jer 2:17</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,5,6\">5:6</span>, <span data-ref=\"jer,5,23\">23</span>) by rejecting the one true God and his commandments and by resisting the invaders God had sent (<span data-ref=\"2ki,24,1\">2 Kgs 24:1</span>, <span data-ref=\"2ki,24,20\">20</span>; <span data-ref=\"2ch,36,13\">2 Chr 36:13</span>).","21":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">the day you promised:</span> The poet’s spirit was heartened by the belief that God would set up a day when everyone—oppressors and victims—would be judged justly (see <span data-ref=\"isa,13,6\">Isa 13:6</span>, <span data-ref=\"isa,13,9\">9</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,46,10,46,12\">Jer 46:10-12</span>, <span data-ref=\"jer,46,27,46,28\">27-28</span>; <span data-ref=\"amo,5,18,5,20\">Amos 5:18-20</span>; <span data-ref=\"oba,1,15\">Obad 1:15</span>; <span data-ref=\"1th,5,2,5,3\">1 Thes 5:2-3</span>; <span data-ref=\"2th,2,2\">2 Thes 2:2</span>)."},"2":{"1":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">the heights of heaven:</span> Jerusalem’s buildings were splendid, adorned with precious metals and jewels. Jerusalem had the reputation of being the sacred city of the Lord. • <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">his Temple</span> (literally <em>his footstool</em>): Cp. <span data-ref=\"1ch,28,2\">1 Chr 28:2</span>; <span data-ref=\"psa,99,5\">Pss 99:5</span>; <span data-ref=\"psa,132,7\">132:7</span>.","6":"A <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">garden shelter</span> was a temporary structure that harvesters put up to provide shade. God had promised to take care of <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">his Temple</span> forever (<span data-ref=\"1ki,9,3\">1 Kgs 9:3</span>), but now it seemed that he had abandoned it.","7":"The Temple was destroyed because the sins that the priests and the people had committed within its walls had defiled its holiness (cp. <span data-ref=\"jer,7,3,7,15\">Jer 7:3-15</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,26,3,26,6\">26:3-6</span>, <span data-ref=\"jer,26,12,26,13\">12-13</span>; <span data-ref=\"ezk,24,21\">Ezek 24:21</span>).","8":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Ramparts</span> were stone walls or mounds of earth built around a city to protect it from assault by an enemy army.","9":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">no more visions:</span> Daniel and Ezekiel were <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">prophets</span> of the Lord who had visions while they lived among the exiles far from the land of Judah (<span data-ref=\"ezk,1,1\">Ezek 1:1</span>; <span data-ref=\"dan,7,1\">Dan 7:1</span>). This verse refers to prophets in Jerusalem who claimed to have visions that proved to be false.","10":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Burlap</span> (or <em>sackcloth</em>) was made of goat or camel hair and was often used for grain sacks or for items to be carried on pack animals. Poor people wore it as clothing because it was inexpensive, and people in mourning wore it as a sign of their deep sorrow (its dark color matched their mood, and its roughness matched their discomfort). • Throwing <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">dust on their</span> <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">heads</span> and clothing was a sign to neighbors that a family member had died.","13":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Who can heal you?</span> Reputed healers and prophets were all liars and frauds (<span data-ref=\"jer,6,13,6,14\">Jer 6:13-14</span>).","16":"Their <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">enemies</span> were glad that Jerusalem was defeated.","17":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">promises . . . made long ago:</span> God’s promises of blessing were always contingent upon Israel’s obedience to the law (<span data-ref=\"deu,8,1,8,20\">Deut 8</span>). He had promised to destroy them if they disobeyed it (<span data-ref=\"lev,26,1,26,46\">Lev 26</span>).","20":"Jeremiah had predicted that the same cannibalism that occurred during a siege of Samaria (<span data-ref=\"2ki,6,28,6,29\">2 Kgs 6:28-29</span>) would happen in Jerusalem (<span data-ref=\"jer,19,9\">Jer 19:9</span>; see also <span data-ref=\"lam,4,10\">Lam 4:10</span>; <span data-ref=\"ezk,5,10\">Ezek 5:10</span>; cp. <span data-ref=\"deu,28,53,28,57\">Deut 28:53-57</span>).","22":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">calling them to a day of feasting:</span> The poet compares Jerusalem’s destruction to an invitation to a banquet at which war, famine, wild animals, and sickness would feast on the wicked in Jerusalem (<span data-ref=\"deu,28,15,28,68\">Deut 28:15-68</span>; cp. <span data-ref=\"rev,19,17,19,21\">Rev 19:17-21</span>)."},"3":{"9":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">blocked my way . . . made my road crooked:</span> Sin causes confusion and cuts a person or a community off from a happy future. Innocent people know the future as a straight path that is easy to follow (<span data-ref=\"pro,21,8\">Prov 21:8</span>). Isaiah imagined God’s activities as a procession on a straight road that his worshipers would prepare (<span data-ref=\"isa,40,3\">Isa 40:3</span>).","12":"Cp. <span data-ref=\"job,6,4\">Job 6:4</span>.","19":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">is bitter beyond words</span> (or <em>is wormwood and gall</em>): Wormwood is a plant with a bitter taste; here it represents the emotional intensity of inner agony (<span data-ref=\"pro,5,4\">Prov 5:4</span>; <span data-ref=\"rev,8,11\">Rev 8:11</span>). Gall is a poisonous plant that causes severe physical pain if eaten; it is a powerful symbol for extremely stressful emotions (<span data-ref=\"deu,29,18\">Deut 29:18</span>; <span data-ref=\"psa,69,21\">Ps 69:21</span>). The author seems to be at a dead end from which he cannot escape.","22":"The <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">faithful love of the</span> <span class=\"fbn-excerpt fbn-yhwh\">Lord</span> is the basis for the poet’s recovery from deep depression. As with Jeremiah in the cistern (<span data-ref=\"jer,38,6,38,13\">Jer 38:6-13</span>) and Jonah in the stomach of the great fish (<span data-ref=\"jon,2,2,2,10\">Jon 2:2-10</span>), the Lord provided salvation from death.","23":"God’s <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">faithfulness</span> speaks of his absolute reliability, which is evident in his daily <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">mercies</span>. He continually provides a habitable world in which we can live.","24":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">The</span> <span class=\"fbn-excerpt fbn-yhwh\">Lord</span><span class=\"fbn-excerpt\"> is my inheritance:</span> The land of Canaan had been regarded as Israel’s inheritance since the time of Moses (<span data-ref=\"exo,15,17\">Exod 15:17</span>; <span data-ref=\"jos,21,19\">Josh 21:19</span>; <span data-ref=\"1ch,28,8\">1 Chr 28:8</span>; <span data-ref=\"psa,47,4\">Ps 47:4</span>), but the true inheritance of God’s people is really God himself (see <span data-ref=\"psa,16,5,16,6\">Ps 16:5-6</span>; <span data-ref=\"eph,1,11\">Eph 1:11</span>; <span data-ref=\"heb,9,15\">Heb 9:15</span>; <span data-ref=\"1pe,1,3,1,4\">1 Pet 1:3-4</span>).","26":"Those who are confident of God’s plan can <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">wait quietly</span> for him to grant <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">salvation</span>.","28":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">sit alone in silence:</span> Humble submission stops the tongue and quiets the heart.","31":"Cp. <span data-ref=\"psa,103,8,103,11\">Ps 103:8-11</span>."},"4":{"3":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">like ostriches:</span> See also <span data-ref=\"job,39,13,39,16\">Job 39:13-16</span>.","7":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">like fine jewels:</span> (literally <em>like lapis lazuli</em>): Lapis lazuli is a beautiful blue stone that is soft enough to carve. It is often used in decorations and mosaics.","8":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Skin</span> sticking to <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">bones</span> is symptomatic of the final stages of starvation, just before death.","9":"Long sieges result in a serious <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">lack of food</span>. Even if people could get to the fields, they would find the crops destroyed or harvested to feed the soldiers.","12":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Not a king . . . could march through the gates of Jerusalem:</span> Since God had delivered Jerusalem from Sennacherib of Assyria more than a century earlier (<span data-ref=\"2ki,19,36,19,37\">2 Kgs 19:36-37</span>), Judeans had strongly believed that not even the mightiest king, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, could defeat the city.","15":"It appears that these leaders <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">fled</span> from Jerusalem as refugees to other <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">lands</span>.","20":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Our king . . . was caught:</span> A reference to Zedekiah, who tried to flee but was caught and treated cruelly by Nebuchadnezzar (<span data-ref=\"2ki,25,4,25,7\">2 Kgs 25:4-7</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,39,4,39,7\">Jer 39:4-7</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,52,9,52,11\">52:9-11</span>).","21":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Uz</span> was an area east of the Jordan River that extended south to Edom. It was Job’s home (<span data-ref=\"job,1,1\">Job 1:1</span>).","22":"The first <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">return from exile</span> occurred in 538 <span class=\"fbn-era\">BC</span>, after Cyrus of Persia defeated Babylon (<span data-ref=\"2ch,36,22,36,23\">2 Chr 36:22-23</span>; <span data-ref=\"ezr,1,1,1,4\">Ezra 1:1-4</span>)."},"5":{"10":"There was a <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">famine</span> in the city during the siege (<span data-ref=\"2ki,25,3\">2 Kgs 25:3</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,37,21\">Jer 37:21</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,38,9\">38:9</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,52,6\">52:6</span>).","18":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">haunted by jackals:</span> Cp. <span data-ref=\"isa,13,22\">Isa 13:22</span>; <span data-ref=\"isa,34,13\">34:13</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,9,11\">Jer 9:11</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,10,22\">10:22</span>; <span data-ref=\"mal,1,3\">Mal 1:3</span>.","22":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">have you utterly rejected us?</span> The tragedy of the Exile raised the question of whether God would forgive sin and restore his people. God answered clearly through the prophets (<span data-ref=\"isa,40,27,40,31\">Isa 40:27-31</span>; <span data-ref=\"isa,41,8,41,20\">41:8-20</span>) and by sending Christ (<span data-ref=\"mat,9,2,9,6\">Matt 9:2-6</span>; <span data-ref=\"mat,26,28\">26:28</span>; <span data-ref=\"luk,24,47\">Luke 24:47</span>)."}},"ranges":[{"start_chapter":1,"start_verse":1,"end_chapter":1,"end_verse":22,"contents":"Chapter 1 mourns the destruction and desolation of Jerusalem, recognizing that this was God’s well-deserved judgment on Israel’s sins."},{"start_chapter":1,"start_verse":8,"end_chapter":1,"end_verse":9,"contents":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Jerusalem</span> was <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">stripped</span> of everything of physical and spiritual value that the people cherished."},{"start_chapter":2,"start_verse":1,"end_chapter":2,"end_verse":22,"contents":"This chapter graphically portrays the Lord as Jerusalem’s destroyer."},{"start_chapter":2,"start_verse":3,"end_chapter":2,"end_verse":4,"contents":"<span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">bends his bow:</span> In the past, the Lord had been a mighty warrior on Israel’s behalf (see <span data-ref=\"exo,14,13,15,21\">Exod 14:13–15:21</span>; <span data-ref=\"jos,23,9,23,11\">Josh 23:9-11</span>; <span data-ref=\"jdg,7,1,7,25\">Judg 7</span>; <span data-ref=\"2ki,19,32,19,35\">2 Kgs 19:32-35</span>); now he waged war against Jerusalem (see <span data-ref=\"isa,63,10\">Isa 63:10</span>; <span data-ref=\"ezk,24,25\">Ezek 24:25</span>)."},{"start_chapter":2,"start_verse":18,"end_chapter":2,"end_verse":19,"contents":"Repentance and <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">prayer</span> are the proper responses when facing the devastation of God’s judgment."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":1,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":66,"contents":"In this chapter, the author laments what has happened (<span data-ref=\"lam,3,1,3,20\">3:1-20</span>, <span data-ref=\"lam,3,48,3,54\">48-54</span>), remembers the faithful love of the Lord (<span data-ref=\"lam,3,21,3,25\">3:21-25</span>), describes how God’s people should respond (<span data-ref=\"lam,3,26,3,47\">3:26-47</span>), and calls upon the Lord in prayer (<span data-ref=\"lam,3,55,3,66\">3:55-66</span>)."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":1,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":24,"contents":"The author speaks of the suffering of Judah and Jerusalem as his own."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":6,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":9,"contents":"Some understand these verses as a poetic reference to Jeremiah’s confinement in a muddy cistern before the destruction of Jerusalem (<span data-ref=\"jer,38,6,38,13\">Jer 38:6-13</span>)."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":22,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":33,"contents":"God’s love and faithfulness <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">never cease</span>. Just as God had been faithful in bringing judgment on Jerusalem for their sins, he would be faithful in bringing restoration to those who returned to him."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":29,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":30,"contents":"In the ancient Near East, lying <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">face down in the dust</span> expressed submission (<span data-ref=\"gen,17,1,17,3\">Gen 17:1-3</span>; <span data-ref=\"lev,9,24\">Lev 9:24</span>; <span data-ref=\"jos,7,6\">Josh 7:6</span>; <span data-ref=\"1sa,5,4\">1 Sam 5:4</span>; <span data-ref=\"1ki,18,39\">1 Kgs 18:39</span>; <span data-ref=\"1ch,21,16\">1 Chr 21:16</span>; <span data-ref=\"mat,17,5,17,6\">Matt 17:5-6</span>). • To <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">turn the other cheek</span> also expresses submission. Jesus evidently had this verse in mind when he taught his disciples to submit to persecution (<span data-ref=\"mat,5,39\">Matt 5:39</span>). This response recognizes that God is sovereign even over our suffering."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":34,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":36,"contents":"The people of Judah were doing such things before Jerusalem was destroyed (see <span data-ref=\"jer,5,26,5,31\">Jer 5:26-31</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,21,11,21,14\">21:11-14</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,23,10,23,14\">23:10-14</span>; <span data-ref=\"mic,3,1,3,12\">Mic 3</span>)."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":37,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":39,"contents":"Some calamities have natural causes (<span data-ref=\"luk,13,1,13,5\">Luke 13:1-5</span>), and bad things happen to the righteous as well as to the wicked (<span data-ref=\"mat,5,45\">Matt 5:45</span>); whatever happens, we should give thanks (<span data-ref=\"1th,5,18\">1 Thes 5:18</span>) and not <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">complain</span>."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":40,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":42,"contents":"Repentance is the key to receiving salvation (<span data-ref=\"isa,1,27\">Isa 1:27</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,3,22\">Jer 3:22</span>; <span data-ref=\"ezk,3,21\">Ezek 3:21</span>)."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":48,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":66,"contents":"The author focuses on the viciousness of the enemies and cries out to the Lord."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":52,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":57,"contents":"This passage might refer to Jeremiah’s experience in the cistern (<span data-ref=\"jer,37,11,37,15\">Jer 37:11-15</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,38,1,38,13\">38:1-13</span>)."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":58,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":66,"contents":"Jerusalem deserved punishment, but the <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">enemies</span> carried it out with undeserved cruelty. The writer calls upon God to punish them."},{"start_chapter":3,"start_verse":64,"end_chapter":3,"end_verse":66,"contents":"This prayer for vengeance is similar to several psalms (see “Prayers for Vengeance” Theme Note)."},{"start_chapter":4,"start_verse":1,"end_chapter":4,"end_verse":22,"contents":"Although God’s people still experience his judgment, they will soon experience restoration."},{"start_chapter":4,"start_verse":21,"end_chapter":4,"end_verse":22,"contents":"The people of <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">Edom</span> were feeling secure and gloating over Jerusalem’s misfortune, but they, too, would experience <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">punishment</span> for their <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">sins</span> (see <span data-ref=\"oba,1,1,1,21\">Obad 1</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,49,7,49,22\">Jer 49:7-22</span>)."},{"start_chapter":5,"start_verse":1,"end_chapter":5,"end_verse":22,"contents":"This chapter is a heartfelt prayer for restoration (cp. <span data-ref=\"dan,9,4,9,19\">Dan 9:4-19</span>)."},{"start_chapter":5,"start_verse":12,"end_chapter":5,"end_verse":17,"contents":"These terrible things happened <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">because</span> the people had <span class=\"fbn-excerpt\">sinned</span> (see <span data-ref=\"isa,24,7,24,12\">Isa 24:7-12</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,7,24\">Jer 7:24</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,13,18\">13:18</span>; <span data-ref=\"jer,25,10,25,11\">25:10-11</span>; <span data-ref=\"amo,8,10\">Amos 8:10</span>)."}]}